![]() ![]() Understanding Encapsulation in OOPS with Examples Java Identifiers: Definition, Syntax, and Examples How to Implement Data Abstraction in Java? ![]() Setter and getter functions are used to access the private variables of a class that is abstract. Here, the variables of a class are hidden from other classes (by using the keyword private ) but can only be accessed through a member function. The output is shown below:Įncapsulation is the process of binding the code and the data together into a single unit. Here, we have created an object of the subclass- Duck which is inherited from the main class- Bird. If any of the two rules are violated, the output will generate an error. For an abstract class, we cannot create an object while the abstract method should not include a body. The abstract keyword is used for methods and classes while performing abstraction. All the other marginalized data are not displayed to the driver. What is shown to us are the speed at which the car is being driven and the litres of petrol available. For instance, while driving a car, we are not concerned about internal functions or mechanisms. The snapshot of output is shown below-Ībstraction is the process of hiding certain data from the users and showing only the required information to them. The same method Voice when used in Bird would output “Turr Turr” and when used with Duck will output “Quack Quack”. In this example, using the same method we can perform multiple tasks. With this, the same method can perform differently when invoked by the parent class and by the child class.Īn example of the polymorphism is shown below: In Method Overriding, the method of the parent class can be overridden by the child class. The methods will have the same name but different parameters can be used as input. In Method Overloading, a single method can be used in numerous ways and perform different functions. The polymorphism we usually come across two terms namely- Method overloading and Method overriding. From this, we can infer that a single variable can have multiple implementations depending upon its usage. Lastly, the same ground can be used for parking vehicles. A real-life example of polymorphism would be- consider an open ground, now this ground can be used for playing sports.īesides, it could also be used to organize weddings and concerts. Polymorphism allows the programmer to perform different tasks using the same variable or function. The output of the above code is:Īs the name suggests- Polymorphism is the ability of a variable or a function to exist in multiple forms. We have created an object of Team that can access the properties of the parent class. We have created a subclass called Team that inherits the parent class- Sponsor. In the above example, the Sponsor is the parent class with the owner being its attribute. ![]() To inherit the properties of the parent class into the child class, a keyword called extends is used. The classes that inherit the properties of the parent class are called the child class or subclass. The parent class is that class whose properties need to be inherited by other classes. The properties refer to the attributes and methods of the parent class. The term inheritance refers to inheriting the properties of one class to another. Now let’s proceed and talk about the crux of object-oriented programming. In the absence of a child class, the code cannot be accessed. Protected : The code is accessible within a package and also through a subclass.Default : The code written is accessible within the same package.Private : The code written is only accessible within that specific class.Public : The code written within a class is accessible to other classes.The access modifiers in Java defines the accessibility or extent of a method or constructor or the class. In the above code, Player is the name given to our class, whereas runs is a parameter passed in the method Batsman which returns the runs scored by him when called via an object called myobj. The code below depicts the use of class, object, and method while programming in the java language. The method may or may not contain an input parameter. Methods are defined within a class and are used to perform a specific function. ![]() Each object has its own identity, attribute, and behaviour. For instance, for a class called Animals, Its objects will be a cat, dog, elephant et al. An object is defined as an instance of a class and contains real-life entities. ![]()
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